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CR --- DR --- CMOS --- CCD
CR- Computed Radiology Portable Compact or Stationary (costs $25,000. to $40,000)
Five Elements:
1.Phosphor Stimulable Plate (PSP) 2. Laser Scanner
3. Photo pickup device 4. Computer 5. Software
X-Rays are projected onto PSP Plate placed inside a common cassette at a 300-400 speed technique.
The PSP Plate recieves the x-ray exposure and stores the image projected onto it. The PSP Plate is than later scanned by the red laser inside the CR scanner. The plate will than emit a ultraviolet light each time it is scanned by the laser. The photo pickup device inside the scanner collects and reads the ultraviolet light emitted from the PSP when scanned. The photo pickup tube recieves and sends the information to an analog to digital converter, where it is read by the computer imaging software for viewing, manipulation, storage, etc.
There are more CR systems in use than all the other forms of Digital combined. CR systems produce one of the highest quality 3 -10 LP/mm resolution images in 25-50 seconds. Some CR systems are capable of producing from intra-oral dental x-rays to a 14 x 17 image, are portable and can be shared for use with more than one patient at a time by as many persons as have PSP plates(equine, small animal, mixed animal applications). They also allow lateral x-rays or any view where a normal cassette can be positioned. Service is simple and parts are the least expensive of any type of digital system.
DR - Flat Panel consisting of two varieties (Silicon & Selenium) Portable compact or Stationary (costs $75,000 to $100,000) DR Selenium with RE screen,
Five Elements:
1. DR plate with Photo electric semi-conductor pickup cells
2. Kodak/Lanex 400 R.E. screen
3. A to D converter
4. Computer
5. Software
The Kodak/Lanex regular 400 speed Rare Earth screen glows when x-rays are applied.
The image is seen by the photo electronic pickup cells, which receives and transfers the image to the analog to digital converter. The A to D converter transforms the image from analog to digital for the computer imaging software which allows image viewing, manipulation, storage, etc.
This system will not produce any image greater than the resolution of the 400 speed is capable of. Detailed images are limited to the size of the screen phosphor granule size. DR systems produce a
3-5 LP/mm resolution image in 5 seconds. Will not allow intra oral dental. System can only be used by one person at a time. They are expensive to service and parts are expensive, replacement DR plates cost $40,000. DR Selenium systems can freeze and has a temperature limitation of 45 to 95 degrees F.
DR- Silicon Flat Panel Portable compact or Stationary (costs $75,000 to $100,000)
Four Elements:
1) DR plate with Silicon semi-conductors 2) Digital converter
3) Computer 4) Software
The Silicon semi-conductor technology digital imaging plate is sensitive to the x-ray beam aerial image photons, the image information formed by the Silicon semiconductors are directly transferred to the digital converter, than sent to the computer, where it is read by the computer imaging software for viewing, manipulation, storage, etc., produces 3-5 LP/mm of resolution. Will not allow intra-oral dental and in fixed based x-ray table installations will not allow lateral x-rays. System can only be used by one person at a time. They are expensive to service because parts are expensive, replacement DR plates cost $40,000. DR system can freze and has a temperature limitation of 45 - 95 degrees F.
Digital Image Camera CMOS Portable compact or Stationary (costs $25,000 to $50,000)
Five Elements:
1.) Image Camera (CMOS) 2.) Kodak/Lanex 200 to 600 RE screen
3.) Analog to Digital converter 4.) Computer 5.) Software
Utilizes the latest low noise single CMOS image camera capture device. Similar to consumer electronics-digital camera, Image capture sensor. The (CMOS) camera images a Kodak/Lanex regular speed (400 to 600) rare earth screen. The image is converted to digital in a analog to digital converter for use by the computer and imaging software for image display and manipulation.
CMOS systems produce a 2.5 -5 LP/mm resolution image in 10-15 seconds. This system is available in light weight compact field usable version. For stationary use, it is available in a fixed based unit mounted inside the x-ray table and will not allow lateral x-rays or intra oral x-rays. System can only be used by one person at a time. No cooling required ____no mirrors.
Digital Image Camera CCD Stationary (costs $55,000 to $65,000)
Five Elements:
1.) Image Camera (CCD) 2.) Kodak/Lanex 200 to 600 RE screen
3.) Analog to Digital converter 4.) Computer 5.) Software
6.)Mirrors 7.) CCD Chip Cooling unit
Utilizes charged coupled device,similar to consumer electronics-digital camera, Image capture sensor. The (CCD)camera images a Kodak/ Lanex regular speed(400) rare earth screen. The image is converted to digital in a analog to digital converter for use by the computer and imaging software for image display and manipulation.
CCD systems produce a 2.5-3.5 LP/mm resolution image in 10 to 15 seconds. Most are fixed based installations within x-ray table and will not allow lateral x-rays or intra oral x-rays. System can only
be used by one person at a time. They are problematic and hard to keep in tune with some systems having 40 or more cameras. This system does require additional cooling of the image camera and
utilizes mirror opticals.
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